October 14, 2023 || Tongsan Media Group ||
(1) Zomi kipat khiatna Adam pan khang tampi a phak zawh ciangin Sengam ah Zomi Ukpi Ji Fa, Zhou Wu Wang(Wu= Zomite Ukpipa a cihna, Wang= Ukpipa= Kumpi= King cihna hi) in vaihawm hi. Zhou innkuan ukpi sep sung(Zhou Dynasty)kum zagiat Shoji (1027-221 BC). Hih innkuan pan Zomi a piang hi. Zomi na hih uh leh”Zhou” suan na hi ding uhhi. Zhou Ming (Chinese)cih ciangin”Zomite cih na hi. (Ming=mi) ci’n Dr.Tommy Tsai Po-Yu(National Taiwan University, Tapei) in hong hilh hi. Zhou Ming cih pen lai i neih ciangin Zomi ci’n ih at ziau hi ding hi.
(2) Sen gam (China) om lai thu BC 1757 pawl in Xia Ukpipa in a mite itna leh hehpihna tawh uklo-in git loh na leh kiphat sak na tawh uk ahih manin, Zomite in ol takin a ukna BC 1027 in sut khia hi.BC 1046 hun tak ciangin Zomi Ukpipa Ji Fa in a uk ciangin khua kim ah hausa upa koih kim ahih man in kua mah in Ukpi zaa sut zo paklo hi. Zomite uk sungin khangto mahmah uha,a ki-uk zia,zum nasep zia, khat leh khat ki zah tak zia,lokawh singpuak leh sumbawl paibawlna te ah khangto mahmah uhhi. Hih hun pen Sengam khantoh mahmah hun hi. Sente miciim Con Fu Cius in siangthona, hauhna, dikna leh pilna,khat leh khat kithupi simna, nupa kikal, lawm leh gual kikal,ulian uneu kikal ah kizahtak zia,innkuan sung nuntak zia,beh leh phung ki-it zia dingte kimakaihna, inn luahna, sa hawm ziate kician tak in hilh hi.
Tua a hilh ziate Zomite in I ngeina (Zomi culture or tradition) ih cihte ahihi. Zhou Wu Wang hong khan a kipan in kipum khatna hong khang aa,a mah pen VANTUNG TAPA (Son of Heaven) kici liang hi. Vantung pan hong kum suk kumpipa hi dingin um mawh uhhi. Hun hong pai to zelin Ji Fa innkuan sungah vaihawm ding khang kita sam a, Ping Wang Ukpipa (BC 770-720) hun pan in Zomi vaihawmna pen a min bek hi ta aa, Ji Fa innkuan zahtakna om non loin vaihawm upate in kumpi bangin vaihawm gawp uh ahih manin BC 221 ciangin Hui Wang khut sung pan in Qin Shi Huang in Zomi vaihawmna suh sak hi.
(3) Tua bang a, Zomite ukpi sepna a ki suh sak ciangin ukpi thakte in ”Great Wall”lam ding hong kipan a,mihing nasem dingin zang uhhi. Hih nasep gimhuai leh ukpi hihna a khah suah uh nuamsa loin Sengam nusia in leitaw lam zuan in suahtak nadingin paikhia uhhi.BC 4 hun ciangin Szechwan kimah teengin Pagyi khua sat uh a, AD 6 ciangin Chindwin gundungah teeng in Dahpa leh Penglam te hun lai AD 108 kimin Pugam leh Pupa khua na sat uhhi. AD 600 ciangin Ji Fa a suan sung pan Thetmite Zomi suak hi.
(4) Chindwin pan tuni ciang AD 800 hunin Khampat khua sat in hun sawtpi teeng uh hi. Khampat khua pen Zang leh Kham kizopna ahih manin ”Khampat” a kici ahihi. Mualtung gam genna ”Kham” cih kammal pen Zomite bekin nei hi. AD 1300 in Ciimnuai satto in 1350 ciangin Zomi nungak mel hoih Lengtong Hoih pen Ava mang zi in na om hi. 1450 AD in ThangHo, LianDo, GalNgam, HangSai, CingKhup, NgamBawm te CiimNuai leh GeelTui ah teeng uh hi.
(CiimNuai a sa ki bak GeelTui ah ki thuk ci’n upate’n kammal na nei uhhi).Kabaw luidung pan kham kahtoh, Khampat, CiimNuai leh GeelTui hun pen Tedim khuasat (1570AD) KamHau hong khan’ (1840 AD) Mangkangte hong pai (1886 AD). Pasian thu hong tun (1899 AD) lai-ih neih (1900) tan zong eimau beh hausa,khuasat leh ukpite makai-in kizangin ki uk ciat a, Zomi nam ni (February 20,1948) ciangin tua ki ukna bei-in Zomite a suakta minam ih hi ta hi. Kabaw valley pan a paitohna uah Tuingo leh Thangmual te kantan to in CiimNuai ahKhul ah tuak uhhi.Tua lai pan suakta taktak kisak na neita uh ahih man in a mau leh amau ukpi ding kiseh tawm in “Khul” a piang na ki ci uhhi. (NB. Hih Article thupulakna in Mangkang te hong tun cil a koi pan a piang cih na suut na uah Meii tung pan tuak suk cih a na suut uh tawh hong ki zawitawn mahmah hi).
Ciimnuai Khua Tangthu:
Ciimnuai Khua satna: Chin gazetteer volume I sungah Mangkang te kham tung a tuntun na uhah ih pian khiat na tang thu na dong uh in Sihzang te in hi bang in na sut uh hi.Um gah khat vantung pan in kia suk in ,tua um gah ki tam in Chin Adam leh Eve hong pai khia in a mau te’ Eden huan pen Ciim Nuai khua cin na suut uhhi.(Chin Adam leh Eve a cih pen Zomi pasal masa leh numei masa a cih na hi.)(Chin gazetteer vol.I 127). Guite in hi bangin na suut leuleu uh hi. Meitung pan in pasal khat leh numei khat kia suk in a tuk na mun pen Ciim Nuai hi cin na suut uh hi. (Chin gazetteer vol.I 140).
Ciim Nuai ih cih pen a khiat na a tuamtuam in ki ngaih sun thei hi.Ciim cih pen Zomite in tei-in pil cih na hi in tua khiat na tawh CiimNuai cih min in khiat na hong nei het lo hi.Khang lui pute pate pawl khat in Ciim cih pen ken baal a cih na hi a ci om ahih man in CiimNuai cih pen Kenbaal po na nuai cih na hi a ki ci pen ki tuak pen kha ding hi.Hih CiimNuai khua pen mual ki khup sin suang ken dang nuai zang mun a hih man in Ciim cih pen Kenbaal cih na hi leh ki lawm ki tuak pen hi.
Kawl zang pan in 1295 kum ciangin Shan te in kulhpi a lam uh ciangin tang tha tam lua a hih man in Khamtung ah ki tai to hi. Pu SongThu makai-in Tuingo dung zuito uh a, khamtung ki kah hi. Taaksat a cih na mun ah tawl khat teng uh hi.Pu Songthu in pasal nih tui neek ding zongin sawl a tung thei mahmah lo uh hi.Pu Songthu in lam dang sa in a mahmah a kan ding in a pai leh a mi sawl te gulpi in na vat tan hi.Tua gulpi Pu Songthu in a tem tawh ban tan a gulpi mei-in Pu SongThu mit lang khat vat kha a, ki tam in a mit langkhat taw hi.Taaksat pan in Thuam vum lam kah to uh a,nitum na lam ah tuak suk uh in,Ciimnuai khua sat uh hi.
Pu Songthu in CiimNuai ah hausa sem hi. Pu Songthu in a zi tawh ta nei pak lo uh a hih man in,a cii man ding dah mahmah hi.Pu Song thu in a zi kiangah “ En lah ta neilo mawk ih hih man ih cii man ding ut lo hi hang,tua hi in mi dang tawh ta nei leng nang hong sim mawh kha ding a hih man na nau nu tawh om khom leng nang hong sim mawh lo ding hi” ci’n a gen ciangin a zi zong lung kim hi.A zi nau nu min pen NemNep kici hi.NemNep pen a tha cing a mel hoih mahmah khat hi cin kigen hi.
A zi thu kim na tawh Pu Songthu Pi Nem Nep tawh hong om khawm uh a,nau hong pai ciangin mang a man zelzel hi.Zan khat a mangin a huan khang a hual singpi heng sung ni vang zang in a tan hi.Tua ni zang pen tang pha mahmah a sakhi tuihup bangin hual heng sung a sun hi.Tua mang a mat ciangin lamdang sa in Pu Songthu kiangah gen hi.Pu Songthu in tua thu a zak ciangin thu lam dang khat hong kihilh hi ding hi,ci-in tua hual heng sung a et leh,aktui cia a pha suang vom kilkel khat a mu hi.Hih nitui ai in hong siam ding hi ih bia ding hi ci hi.
Tua nitui ai a kep ni akipan a dau pai lam Pu Songthu in thei hi.Nitui ai pian na kipat na leh biak kipat na hi kici hi.Zan khat Pi NemNep in mang khat man leuleu hi.A mang sungah zingsang tung a nisuak pan-in a tangpha mahmah ni vang in taang bem tung a kikoih nitui ai pen sal leuleu hi. Tawm vei ciangin tua nitui ai pen naungek in piang a nakpi takin a kap hi.Tua naungek ladingin a thawh leh a takin tho a hih man in khanglo hi. Hih a mang lamdang pen zingsang ciangin Pu Songthu kiang ah a gen hi. Pu Songthu in”Ni-in hong siam (huh) taktak hi”ci’n a ngaih sun hi.
Pi NemNep in zan khat mang man leuleu hi. A mahmah huan sung pan in um gui-in a po hi. Tua um gui zam in inn tung teng a khuh hi. Um gah hoih mahmah khat gah a a nun kawi,sathau biing tawh ki bang hi. Tua um gah ni vang tang pha mahmah,meii kawm pan a nitang tawh kibang khat in nakpi’n tei tawh sut bangin a sun kham hi. Tua um gah a ki tap ciangin naungek khat pusuak a,a kap hi. Khat vei leuleu Pi Nemnep in mang man a,a mang sungah ni sun lai tak a ihmu in a ki ngaih sun hi. Zan a aksi ek kia tawh ki bang ni pan in a tang pha mahmah khat kia in a ma tungah tu hi. Tua a taang in a khak ciangin a si ding zahin lau in a awng khia hi. Tua awtna in amah phongin a khanglo hi.
Pi Nemnep nau hong suak in pasal khat hong hihi. Pu Songthu zong nuam mahmah a,pasian te in cii mang lo ding hong siam hi,khan sau hen la,nu vaak pa vaak in piang hen ci-in thupha pia hi. Pu Songthu in nau min phuak dingin a upate a khawm hi. Hih nau a pian ma in a nu NemNep in mang lam dang a man hi ci-in a mang teng a banban in a upate kiang ah a gen hi. Upate in zong lam dang sa in “ Hih naungek in Ni tawh kizop na thu a nei hi,”a ci uh hi.Nivang Nigui in hih nau ngek uk hi ci-in Nigui pan a piang, GUITE phuak ni a ci uh hi. Pi NemNep in tapa Guite a neih khit a sawt sim ciangin a zi pi in tapa khat hong nei hi.A zi pi in ta hong neih ciangin a min Thado phuak uh hi. Tua a hih man in Thado te in a piang masa ih u hi ci’n sa a gawh uh ciangin a cingsa(sa-cing)a piak ngiatngiat uh tu ni dongin ngeina in nei lai uh hi.
Ciimnuai pan beh leh phung pianna:
Ciimnuai khua ah mi hong tam in lo khawh na ding mun a kicin nawn loh ciangin gam thak zongin khua ki sat ciat hi.Tua khua sat te in hausa sem ciat pah uh hi. Ciimnuai khua ah ih ten lai-in nam min kilawh na khat bek hi leh kilawm hi. Pu Song Thu tapa Guite leh Thado pen behmin hipah in amau suan leh khak sung panin beh tampi piangkhia in tu in beh 200 val pha ta hi. Ciimnuai ciangciang pen ZOMI a kilo hi cih kingaih sun thei hi. Ciimnuai khua pan ih ki khen thang ciangin ih tun na mun peuh min pua in khua min leh phung min piang pahpah hi. Tua phung min pen mi/te kici pah a, minam min hi lo hi.
(1) Khuanote pian khiatna:
Ciimnuai pan Geeltui; Dimpi a tengte lak pan in pawl khat in Sasih khua sat uh hi. Inn 7 bek pha a khang theilo uh ahih man in Khuano kici a, tua mun pan a khang khia mi te Khuanomi ki ci hi. Khuano min pua te tu hun a ten na khua te:- Zung; Phunom; Thangnuai; Suangpi; Tuisau; Laibung; Tuivial; Pimpih; Ngalzang; Tampi; Cingpikot; Muallum; Vando; Dimzang; Pyidawta; Nawikai; Dolluang; Mualnuam; Budiman; Lalta; Khuabem; Tuilang; Lunmual; Phaileeng khua te ah teeng uh hi.
(2) Vangteh te (Guite) pian khiatna: Pu Songthu ta upa pen min hi-in a sawt na ciangin beh min hong suak hi. Guite pian khiat na pen Chin gazetteer vol-I sungah hi bang in na gen hi. Meiitung pan in Pasal khat le Numei khat kia sut in CiiHaiciinu hi ci’n na gelh hi. Guite ten na khua te:- Vangteh; Pakzang; Tuizang; Thangsan; Haiciin. Tuimui; Tuimang; Darkhai, Pangmual; Tongciin; Selbung; Sekpi; Vaivet; Suang bem; Lamzang ;Tonzang; Gawng; Tuithang; Kaptel; Mualbem; Tuipi; Pangzang; Lamka; Tonglon; Hansip khua te ah teng uh hi.
(3) Sihzangte pian khiatna: CiimNuai khua pan in a lal khia pawl khat sihkhuk(ci khuk) omna zangah teeng uh a; tua pan a khang khia te sihzang kici hi. Sihzang te teenna khuate:-Thuklai; Khuasak; Buanman ;Lophei; Bung; Zongal; VokLak; Pumva; Theizang; Dolluang; Suangdawh; Takkhawl khua te ah teeng uh hi.
(4) Saizangte pian khiatna: Pu Songthu Ciimnuai khua pan in Cian lai khua sak in ,tua mun pen gamsai vive po na zang khat a hihi. Tua khua pen a sawt ciangin Saizang ci uh hi. Saizang pan in a lal khia mite Saizangmi kici uh hi. Saizang mite ten na khua te:-Saizang; Tualzang; Teeklui ;Lailo; Thangzang; Vongmual; Aipha; Mualpi; Tuitawh; Thalmual; Phaiza; Zampi ;Taalek; Kaptel; Hiangawn; Tuitang khua te ah teng uhhi.
(5) Zote pian khiatna: Ciimnuai khua pan in Pu Hang Hil makai in Tung Nung; LianZaw; TaiThul; TungDim; Neu Zaw te tawh Baalzang khua sat uh hi. Baalzang khua pen mual dawn a vot na tam lak hi a, tua mun te pen zo kici hi. Tua mun a teng te zo lak a teng te ki ci a ,a sawt ciangin Zote cih minam min hong suak hi. Zote pen minam tuam hilo in Sukte; Zo; Kam Hau mi cih te a taktak in minam khat hi (Chin gazetteer vol-I:140).
Kam Hau mi ih cih pen Mangkang te hong ciapteh na ah Kam Hau uk sung mi khempeuh huam a genna na hihi. Tedim, Tonzang gam sung a teeng khem peuh a cih nop na zong ahihi. Zote tenna khua te: Phaitu; Haimual; Tualmu; Khuadai; Bumzang; Salzang; Takzang; Phuntong, Sialthaw; Lam Thang; Buangzawl; MimBil; Khamzang; Gamngai; Lungtak; AnLun; Geelmual; KhiangLam; Taalzang; PhaiDim; ThauThe; Maulawn; Mangtuh; Lomzang; Seksih; Haipi: Buangmual; Khuaivum; Sialmei; Bizang; VangLai; Thenzang; Sialthawzang; Tuigial; Tuilam khua te ah teng uh hi.
(6) Tedimte pian khiatna: Tedim mi a tuam in om lo hi.Tedim khua pen Pu Gui Mang in a sat ciangin a gam et lai ua,VanSang Dim bual a te diamdiam pen Paite pau in Tedimdim a cih uh tua tung tawn in a piang khia khua min a hihi. Hun hong sawt toto a,Pu Kam Hau in Tedim hong luah ciangin,tua lai tak a, teeng masa minam 7 te ahi- Saizangmi; Teizangmi; Dimmi; Guite; Zote; Thado-Kuki; Vaiphei (Hualngo) te teng khawm uh a,tua te sung pan in a tam zaw in a theih pau nam khat na zang uhhi.Hih minam te sung ah sahawm zuhawm tat zia nam 3 Teizang tat; Dim tat; Zotat bulpi nam thum kizang hi.
Tua hi-in ih pian khiat na ki bang hi mah ta leh khua tuamtuam ah ih ten ciangin ih aw kaih zia kilam dangin kammal pawl khat zong hong kilam dang hi. Cope Topa in Zolai hong bawl sak ciang in tua hun lai takin Tedim khua a ki zang pau pen Zomi khem peuh in tel a hih manin Kam Hau dialect hong cih sak hi. KamHau ih cih pen Teizang mi hi a, Tonzang ah Kam Hau Ukpi gamh a luah Pu Hau Cin Khup a khan lai in, Teizang pau mang ngilh kha leng ci-in Mualbem khua ah kum khat khat veita Teizang pau va sin kici hi. Tedim mi leh Tedim pau ih cih pen a tuam in omlo hi. A taktak in Tedim pau ih cih pen nidang Ciimnuai pan a ih kamzat teng mah a kikeng suak hi lel hi.
(7) Teizangte Pianna; Ciimnuai khua ah a ki teen lai in pawl khat khang lam ah lal suk;paisuk uh a tua te Sukte na ci uh hi(Chin gazetteer Vol-I:118). Tua a suk pai te lui nih ki tuahna (Ngatan lui leh Sialtang lui ki tuah na) ah khua na sat uh in Luika khua na ci uh hi. Tual biak na pen khua laizang paangpi sing nuai suang tumpi gei khat ah bawl uh hi. Nitak khua phat kha tan ciangin naupang te tua singpi gei ah kimawl zel uh a,naupang mang thei pahpah hi. Limtak in a et uh ciangin,tua suangpi nuai ah kua hawm khat om a,tua sung pan in gulpi khat in naupangte la thei zel na hihi.
Khua mi te’n thang a siah uh leh tua gulpi awk a,a kaih uh leh gulpi sau lua in kai khia zolo uh hi. Tua gulpi pau in,”ka om na thuk mahmah a, ka mei-in gun ban hi, van suang zawl ah k vial hi; hong kai zo kei nuteh” a cih ciangin tua gulpi at tan uh a,khua zang in a sa hawm uh hi. Mei gong nupi khat a sa pia lo uh in,a lutang pia uh a,tua nitak in mei gong nu in Bualtung khua pan zin nih a nei hi. Nupi nu in a gul lutang huan a,buh tei-in a tawh leh,gul lutang hong pau in”Ka mit nong sun kha deh”ci hi. Nupi nu zong lau in vok kuangah bua hi.
Zan kim tak ciangin ak lamdang khat hong khuang a, ”Zinte kha vevua” ci’n khuang hi.Innteek nu lung hi mawh in a khua pih te kiangah a gen hangin thudon lo uh hi. Innteek nu in ak khuang a zak kik tak ciangin a uital leh a zinte nih tawh pai khia uhhi.Khua nawl a tun phet in huihpi nung a,a khua cim in khua zangin si mang uh hi. A zin te gel a khua uah ciah suak uh a,nupi nu Baang zang ah teeng hi. Nupi nu a gai sa in a pasal in sih san a,a uital tawh luika khua pan BaangZang khua hong teen ciang nau hong suakin,a min Sukzo phuak hi.Naupang hong khan ciangin MualBem khua Teipi phung zang khat ah hong teeng hi.
Tua Teipi zang pau lap in a suan a khak te TeiZang mi ki ci uh hi. Teizang mi te teen na khua te: Mualbem; Zangzawl; Dakdung; Buan; Heilei; Suangphei; Sim Suangzang; Lamzang; Pangsak; Zangtui; Mualnuam; Gawsing; Tuipi; Pangzang; Keeltal; Luangel; Saipimual; Lingthuk; Vaikhuamun; Sialtui;Fartlang khua te ah teeng uh hi.
(8) Dim mite’ Pianna: Ciimnuai khua pan in pawl khatin Geeltui khua hong sat a, LianDo le ThangHo te unau hong nuam sa uh hi.GeelTui pan in pawl khat in Dimpi khua hong sat hi. Dimpi pan Dimlo ah pawl khat hong peemta in, Dimpi, Dimlo panin a khang khia teng Dimte kici hi. Dim mite teen na khuate: – Dimpi; Dimlo; Sezang; Laaitui; Tui Cinlui; Tungzang; Suanghoih; Mal Suangzang; Tedim; Tonzang; Pyidawtha; Kalaymyo khuate ah teeng uh hi.
(9) Losaute Pianna: Nidang in Ciimnuai pan in Lamzang lam lo kho te in a lo khawh te uh a dung sau zilzial in lokho uh hi.Tua bang a lokho a kiveng kha teng hih lo dung sau te a kicih na pan a sawt ciangin Losau mi tang uh hi. Losau mite ten na khuate, Lamzang, Gawng mual, Tonzang, Kansau, Vaivet, Tauleng, Suangsang, Lailo, Tuithang khua te a teng ahi uhhi.
Source : ZOMI KHANG TANG THU (ZOMI CHRONICLES).
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